Definition
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain.
Causes
Any condition that results in abnormal electrical excitation of the brain may result in a seizure, including:
Also, any medical condition that irritates brain cells may result in a seizure. Common medical conditions that commonly cause seizures include:
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Definition
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain.
Causes
Any condition that results in abnormal electrical excitation of the brain may result in a seizure, including:
Also, any medical condition that irritates brain cells may result in a seizure. Common medical conditions that commonly cause seizures include:
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Considerations
There are a wide variety of possible symptoms of seizures, depending on what parts of the brain are affected. Many types of seizures cause loss of consciousness with twitching or shaking of the body. However, some seizures consist of staring spells that can easily go unnoticed. Occasionally, seizures can cause temporary abnormal sensations or visual disturbances.
Seizures can generally be classified as either "simple" (no change in level of consciousness) or "complex" (change in level of consciousness). Seizures may also be classified as generalized (whole body affected) or focal (only one part or side of the body is affected).
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder with recurrent seizures. Some types of epilepsy are hereditary.
See also:
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Home Care
People with epilepsy should always wear a medical alert tag.
Most seizures are self-limiting and stop by themselves after various periods of time. However, a person having a seizure may be injured; breathe food, fluid, or vomit into the lungs; or not get enough oxygen. During a seizure, it is important to protect the person from injury. Turn the person on his or her side, so that any vomit is expelled. See seizure first aid .
After a convulsion, most people go into a deep sleep. Don't prevent the person from sleeping. He or she will probably be disoriented, or possibly agitated for awhile after awakening.
Stay with the person until recovery or until you have professional medical help. Meanwhile, monitor their pulse, rate of breathing, and blood pressure.
- DO NOT restrain the person.
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Prevention
There is no specific way to prevent seizures. Use helmets when appropriate to prevent head injury. This will lessen the likelihood of a brain injury and subsequent seizures. Avoid recreational drugs. People with epilepsy should take medication as directed and avoid excessive amounts of alcohol.
References
Goetz, CG. Textbook of Clinical Neurology . 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: WB Saunders; 2003: 1158-1160.
Marx J. Rosens Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice . 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2002:145-149, 1445.
Hirtz D, Ashwal S, Berg A, et al. Practice parameter: Evaluating a first nonfebrile seizure in children: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2000;55;616-623.