Definition
Intestinal obstruction involves a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the intestinal contents to pass through.
Symptoms
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Definition
Intestinal obstruction involves a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the intestinal contents to pass through.
Causes
Obstruction of the bowel may be caused by ileus -- in which the bowel doesn't function correctly but there is no "mechanical" (anatomic) problem -- or by mechanical causes. Paralytic ileus, also called pseudo-obstruction, is one of the major causes of obstruction in infants and children.
The causes of paralytic ileus may include the following:
- Medications, especially narcotics
- Intraperitoneal infection
- Mesenteric ischemia (decreased blood supply to the support structures in the abdomen)
- Injury to the abdominal blood supply
- Complications of intra-abdominal surgery
- Kidney or thoracic disease
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Treatment
The objective of treatment is to decompress the intestine with suction, using a nasogastric (NG) tube inserted into the stomach or intestine. This will relieve abdominal distention and vomiting.
Surgery to relieve the obstruction may be necessary if decompression by NG tube does not relieve the symptoms, or if tissue death is suspected.
Other Names
Paralytic ileus; Intestinal volvulus; Bowel obstruction; Ileus; Pseudo-obstruction - intestinal
Possible Complications
- Infection
- Gangrene of the bowel
- Perforation (hole) in the intestine
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Outlook (Prognosis)
The outcome varies with the cause of the obstruction.
Prevention
Prevention depends on the cause. Treatment of conditions (such as tumors and hernias) that are related to obstruction may reduce the risk.
Some causes of obstruction are not preventable.
Exams and Tests
While listening to the abdomen with a stethoscope your health care provider may hear high-pitched bowel sounds at the onset of mechanical obstruction. If the obstruction has persisted for too long or the bowel has been significantly damaged, bowel sounds decrease, eventually becoming silent.
Early paralytic ileus is marked by decreased or absent bowel sound.
Tests that show obstruction include:
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