Definition
HbA1c is a test that measures the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in your blood. Glycosylated hemoglobin is a molecule in red blood cells that attaches to glucose (blood sugar). You have more glycosylated hemoglobin if you have more glucose in your blood.
The test gives a good estimate of how well diabetes is being managed over the last 2 or 3 months.
Other Names
Glycosylated hemoglobin; Hemoglobin - glycosylated; A1C; GHb; Glycohemoglobin; Diabetic control index
How the Test is Performed
Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic. An elastic band is placed around the upper arm ...
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Definition
HbA1c is a test that measures the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in your blood. Glycosylated hemoglobin is a molecule in red blood cells that attaches to glucose (blood sugar). You have more glycosylated hemoglobin if you have more glucose in your blood.
The test gives a good estimate of how well diabetes is being managed over the last 2 or 3 months.
Considerations
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other Names
Glycosylated hemoglobin; Hemoglobin - glycosylated; A1C; GHb; Glycohemoglobin; Diabetic control index
How the Test will Feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation in necessary.
Normal Results
HbA1c is normal if it is 5% or less. Normal ranges may vary slightly depending on the laboratory used.
Risks
Risks related to getting your blood drawn include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
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What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results mean that your blood glucose levels have not been well-regulated over a period of weeks to months. If your HbA1c is above 7%, it means your diabetes is poorly controlled.
High values mean you are at greater risk of diabetic complications. If you can bring your level down, you decrease your chances of long-term complications.
You should try to keep your level below 7%. Ask your doctor how often you should have your Hb A1c tested. Usually, doctors recommend testing every 3 or 6 months.
References
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes2007. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(Suppl.1):S4-S41.