Definition
Bronchoscopy is a test to view the airways and diagnose lung disease. It may also be used during the treatment of some lung conditions.
Other Names
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
How the Test is Performed
A bronchoscope is a device used to see the inside of the lungs. It can be flexible or rigid. Usually, a flexible bronchoscope is used. The flexible bronchoscope is a tube less than 1/2 inch wide and about 2 feet long.
The scope is passed through your mouth or nose, and then into your lungs. Going through the nose is a good way to look at the upper airways. The mouth method allows the doctor to use a larger bronchoscope.
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Definition
Bronchoscopy is a test to view the airways and diagnose lung disease. It may also be used during the treatment of some lung conditions.
Considerations
After the procedure, your gag reflex will return. However, until it does, do not eat or drink anything.
To test if the gag reflex has returned, place a spoon on the back of your tongue for a few seconds with light pressure. If you don't gag, wait 15 minutes and try it again. Make sure that you don't use any small or sharp objects to test this reflex.
How the Test will Feel
Local anesthesia is used to relax the throat muscles. Until the anesthetic begins to work, you may feel fluid running down the back of your throat and have the need to cough or gag.
Once the anesthetic takes effect, you may have sensations of pressure or mild tugging as the tube moves through the windpipe (trachea). Although many patients feel like they might suffocate when the tube is in the throat, there is NO risk of suffocation. If you cough during the test, you will get more anesthetic.
When the anesthetic wears off, your throat may be scratchy for several days. After the test, the cough reflex will return in 1 - 2 hours. You will not be allowed to eat or drink ...
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How to Prepare for the Test
Do not eat or drink anything 6 - 12 hours before the test. Your doctor may also want you to avoid any aspirin or ibuprofen medications before the procedure.
You may be sleepy after the test, so you should arrange for transportation to and from the hospital.
Many people want to rest the following day, so make arrangements for work, child care, or other obligations. Usually, the test is done as an outpatient procedure, and you will go home the same day. Some patients may need to stay overnight in the hospital.
Normal Results
Normal cells and secretions are found. No foreign substances or blockages are seen.
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
Risks
The main risks from bronchoscopy are:
- Bleeding from biopsy sites
- Infection
There is also a small risk of:
In the rare instances when general anesthesia is used, there is some risk for:
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What Abnormal Results Mean
- Abnormality in the bronchial wall
- Enlarged (dilated) tubular vessels
- Enlarged glands or lymph nodes
- Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage)
- Infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or tuberculosis
- Irregular bronchial branching
- Lung cancer
- Narrowing (stenosis) of the trachea
- Swelling (inflammation)
- Tumor
- Ulceration
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References
Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Murray JF, Nadel JA. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine . 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2005.
Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. St Louis, Mo; Mosby; 2005:2474.