Bronchiolitis Guide
- Summary
- Definition
- Symptoms
- Causes
- Treatment
- When to Contact a Medical Professional
- Possible Complications
- Outlook (Prognosis)
- Prevention
- Exams and Tests
Definition
Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small passages in the lungs (bronchioles), usually caused by a viral infection.
Symptoms
Some children have infections with few or minor symptoms. Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection that, over a period of 2 - 3 days, can develop into increasing respiratory distress with wheezing and a "tight," wheezy cough. The infant's breathing rate may increase a lot ( tachypnea ), and the infant may become irritable or anxious-looking. If the disease is severe enough, the infant may turn bluish (cyanotic), which is an emergency.
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Definition
Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small passages in the lungs (bronchioles), usually caused by a viral infection.
Symptoms
Some children have infections with few or minor symptoms. Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection that, over a period of 2 - 3 days, can develop into increasing respiratory distress with wheezing and a "tight," wheezy cough. The infant's breathing rate may increase a lot ( tachypnea ), and the infant may become irritable or anxious-looking. If the disease is severe enough, the infant may turn bluish (cyanotic), which is an emergency. As the effort of breathing increases, parents may see the child's nostrils flaring with each breath and the muscles between the ribs retracting (intercostal retractions) as the child tries to breathe in air. This can be exhausting for the child, and very young infants ...
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Causes
Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a common, sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include: The virus is transmitted from person-to-person by direct contact with nasal secretions or by airborne droplets. Although RSV generally causes only mild symptoms in an adult, it can cause a severe illness in an infant. Bronchiolitis is seasonal and appears more often in the fall and winter months. It is a very common reason for infants to be hospitalized during winter and early spring. It is estimated that by the ...
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Treatment
Sometimes, no treatment is necessary. Supportive therapy can include: Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections. Medicines used in the hospital can include albuterol (a medication normally used in asthma) or steroids. In extremely ill children, antiviral medications (such as ribavirin) are sometimes used. Antiviral treatment may decrease the severity and duration of the illness. To be effective, these medications must be given early in the course of the illness.
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When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider immediately, or go to the emergency room if the child with bronchiolitis:
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Possible Complications
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Outlook (Prognosis)
Usually, the symptoms get better within a week, and breathing difficulty usually improves by the third day. The mortality rate is less than 1%.
Prevention
Most cases of bronchiolitis are not easily preventable because the viruses that cause the disorder are common in the environment. Careful attention to hand washing, especially around infants, can help prevent the spread of respiratory viruses. Family members with an upper respiratory infection should be especially careful around infants. Wash your hands often, especially before handling the child. At this date, there is no RSV vaccine available. However, there is an effective product, called palivizumab (Synagis), for infants who are at high risk of developing severe disease from RSV. Ask your child's doctor whether this medication is right for your child.
Exams and Tests
Signs include: Tests include:
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Encyclopedia: Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs. The term usually refers to acute viral bronchiolitis, a common disease in infancy. This is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus . Other viruses which may cause this illness include metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published a clinical practice guideline for the,including a review of the evidence and...
Web Results
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Bronchiolitis
Kids who have had bronchiolitis may be more likely to develop asthma later in life, ... Bronchiolitis is usually caused by a viral infection, most commonly ...
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Bronchiolitis - MayoClinic.com
Bronchiolitis Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment, prevention of this childhood lung infection.
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Bronchiolitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term usually refers to acute viral bronchiolitis, a common disease in infancy. This is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, ...
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eMedicine - Bronchiolitis : Article by Lucian Kenneth DeNicola
Bronchiolitis is an acute, infectious, inflammatory disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract that may result in.
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eMedicine - Pediatrics, Bronchiolitis : Article by Mark Louden
Bronchiolitis is an acute infectious disease of the lower respiratory tract that occurs primarily in young infants, most.
Guide Note
News
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[Respiratory infection] Management of acute bronchiolitis: can evidence based guidelines...
Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and there is no evidence that drug treatment alters its natural course. Despite this, most Swiss paediatricians reported in 2001 prescribing bronchodilators...
Nov 19, 2008
Question and Answer
my daughter is 16months old and had rsv this last winter. she was born early...
My daughter had this too a couple of times when under 2 years of age. I am including a link for you with some detailed information. Good...
Asked by jamlynne - 8 months ago
My mother is taking Imuran for BOOP and I know it has to do with...
Although the exact mechanism of how Imuran works is not known, it is felt that by inhibiting the immune system, this drug suppresses the "overactive" immune reaction that is responsible...
Asked by Toothie - 6 months ago
Forum Search
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UGH!! His "cold" turned into Bronchiolitis - 12 replies
His "cold" turned into Bronchiolitis His cold turned into RSV, which turned into bronchiolitis. I'm Re: His "cold" turned into Bronchiolitis RSV can be pretty serious, so it may have just...
Apr 18, 2008
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Bronchiolitis - 9 replies
My DS has just been diagnosed with bronchiolitis. My GP thought it was croup but since the PredMix didn't make it better I took him into emergency and 2 doctors said it is bronchiolitis. Just
Jun 22, 2008
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Bronchiolitis...Mom's of post RSV babies...help! - 6 replies
So as some of you know, Tess had RSV/bronchiolitis at 3 weeks old. Well I decided to keep Liv out of daycare for the month, now it will be 2. Tess has bronchiolitis again. I...
Apr 02, 2007
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