Skin cancer
Definition
Skin cancer
is the uncontrolled growth of skin cells. If left unchecked, these cancer cells can spread from the skin
into other tissues and organs.
There are different types of skin cancer
. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common. Melanoma is less common, but more dangerous.
Alternative Names
Cancer - skin
Causes
The outer layer of skin
, the epidermis, is made up of different types of cells. Skin cancers are classified by the types of epidermal cells involved:
- Basal cell carcinoma
develops from abnormal growth of the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis and is the most common type of skin cancer
.
- Squamous cell carcinoma
involves changes in the squamous cells, found in the middle layer of the epidermis.
- Melanoma
occurs in the melanocytes (cells that produce pigment) and is less common than squamous or basal cell carcinoma
-- but more dangerous. It is the leading cause of death from skin disease
.
Skin cancers are sometimes classified as either melanoma or nonmelanoma. Basal cell carcinoma
and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Other nonmelanoma skin cancers are Kaposi's sarcoma
, Merkel cell
carcinoma, and cutaneous lymphoma.
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer
in the Unites States. Known risk factors for skin cancer include the following:
- Complexion - Skin
cancers are more common in people with light-colored skin, hair, and eyes.
- Genetics
- Having a family history of melanoma increases the risk of developing this cancer.
- Age - Nonmelanoma skin
cancers are more common after age 40.
- Sun exposure and sunburn
- Most skin
cancers occur on areas of the skin that are regularly exposed to sunlight or other ultraviolet radiation
. This is considered the primary cause of all skin cancers.
Skin cancer can develop in anyone, not only people with these risk factors. Young, healthy people -- even those with with dark skin
, hair, and eyes -- can develop skin cancer.
Symptoms
Skin
cancers may have many different appearances. They can be small, shiny, or waxy, scaly and rough, firm and red, crusty or bleeding
, or have other features. Therefore, anything suspicious should be looked at by a physician. See the individual articles on specific skin
cancers for more information.
Here are some features to look for:
- Asymmetry:
one half of the abnormal skin
area is different than the other half
- Borders:
irregular borders
- Color:
varies from one area to another with shades of tan, brown, or black (sometimes white, red, blue)
- Diameter:
usually (but not always) larger than 6 mm in size (diameter of a
pencil eraser)
Use a mirror or have someone help you look on your back, shoulders, and other hard-to-see areas.
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